1. What is the flu？

　　Influenza, or influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus。The most common flu starts suddenly, chills, chills, high fever, body temperature can reach 39 ~ 40℃, accompanied by headache, body muscle joint pain, extreme weakness, appetite loss and other systemic symptoms, often sore throat, dry cough, can have nasal congestion, runny nose and so on。If there are no complications, symptoms improve more than 3 to 4 days after onset, but cough and physical recovery usually take 1 to 2 weeks。Mild cases such as common cold, mild symptoms, 2 to 3 days to recover。

　　2. What is bird flu？

　　Avian influenza is mainly an infectious disease caused by influenza virus circulating in birds。Avian influenza virus can be divided into high pathogenic avian influenza virus, low pathogenic avian influenza virus and non-pathogenic avian influenza virus。Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have only been found in H5 and H7 subtypes。Due to the species barrier，Bird flu viruses can infect people only occasionally，H5N1, H9N2, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, H5N2 and H10N7 have been confirmed to infect humans，Symptoms vary，It can present with respiratory symptoms, conjunctivitis, and even death。People infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus often show respiratory symptoms such as high fever, often quickly develop into pneumonia, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic organ failure, and even death。

　　3, What is the H7N9 bird flu virus？

　　Influenza viruses can be divided into three types: A (A), B (B), and C (C)。Among them, influenza A can be divided into 1-16 subtypes according to the difference of influenza virus hemagglutinin protein (HA), and 1-9 subtypes according to the difference of viral neuraminidase protein (NA). Different subtypes of HA can be combined with different subtypes of NA to form different influenza viruses。Birds, especially waterfowl, are the natural hosts of all these influenza viruses, of which the H7N9 avian influenza virus is one。The H7N9 subtype of influenza virus has previously only been found in birds, and there have been outbreaks among birds in the Netherlands, Japan and the United States, but no human infections have been found。

　　4, the current situation of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza in China？

　　On March 30, 2013, three human cases of H7N9 avian influenza were confirmed in China, including two in Shanghai (both fatal) and one in Anhui Province。The onset time of the cases was late February and mid-March。This is the world's first human case of H7N9 bird flu。

　　5, the main clinical manifestations of H7N9 avian influenza infection cases？

　　At present, the three confirmed cases mainly manifested as typical viral pneumonia, with rapid onset, high fever (above 38℃), cough and other respiratory infection symptoms in the early course of the disease。The onset of 5-7 days of respiratory difficulty, severe pneumonia and progressive aggravation, some cases may rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and death。

　　Current knowledge of the clinical features of the disease is limited, and whether the virus infection can cause mild cases or other clinical manifestations is unknown。As more case information accumulates, the understanding of the disease will change。

　　6. Global human infection with influenza A H7 virus？

　　From 1996 to 2009, human cases of influenza A and H7 were reported in the Netherlands, Italy, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The virus subtypes were H7N2, H7N3, and H7N7, respectively. The clinical manifestations were mainly conjunctivitis and mild upper respiratory tract infection。Previously, China has never found a case of H7 subtype influenza virus infection。

　　7. How virulent and contagious is the H7N9 virus compared to previous cases of H1N1, H5N1 and other seasonal influenza？

　　With only three confirmed human cases of the H7N9 avian influenza virus so far, research data on the virus and the diseases it causes are too limited to make accurate judgments about its virulence and ability to spread from person to person。

　　8, the source of infection of human H7N9 bird flu cases？

　　The human infection of the H7N9 influenza virus from the virus biology belongs to the avian influenza virus, the past found in the international human infection of H7 subtype of influenza virus is also from birds, but up to now, the specific source of infection of the 3 confirmed cases is not clear。

　　9, whether the H7N9 bird flu virus can be transmitted between people？

　　The ability of the virus to transmit from person to person has not been confirmed。

　　10. The incidence of infection among close contacts of the case？

　　According to China's regulations on the management of pneumonia of unknown cause, health authorities in Shanghai, Anhui and Jiangsu have implemented careful medical observation for all close contacts of the case。Two family members of the one confirmed case in Shanghai also developed severe pneumonia before the onset of the disease, and the cause is still under investigation and testing。Whether the incidence of the three cases in this family is related needs further investigation。In addition, all close contacts of the confirmed cases in Shanghai and Anhui have not found similar cases。

　　11. How to prevent H7N9 flu？

　　Influenza is an acute respiratory infection。Frequent hand-washing, indoor ventilation, attention to nutrition and good health are conducive to the prevention of respiratory infections such as influenza。When sneezing, coughing and other symptoms of respiratory infection occur, cover your mouth and nose with tissues and handkerchiefs to prevent infection。In addition, special attention should be paid to avoiding direct contact with sick and dead poultry and livestock。

　　There is currently no vaccine against the H7N9 bird flu virus。

　　12. Current treatment methods？

　　Gene sequence analysis showed that the virus was sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors。According to the experience of antiviral treatment of other types of influenza, the early use of neuraminidase inhibitors may be effective, but the specific treatment of human newly discovered H7N9 avian influenza virus infection still needs to be observed and studied。

　　13. How can the public protect themselves？

　　Personal hygiene practices, such as frequent hand-washing and covering the nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing, can effectively prevent respiratory infections such as influenza。At the same time, avoid contact with sick and dead poultry and livestock。

　　14. Is the public at risk from H7N9 avian influenza virus？

　　At present, only a few cases have been found in local areas, and no further cases have been found in close contacts of the cases through medical observation。Based on the limited evidence available, the risk to the general public is low。

　　15, medical personnel infected with H7N9 bird flu virus risk is big？

At present, there is no conclusive evidence of human-to-human transmission of H7N9, and no infection has been found among the medical workers who treated the three confirmed cases, but because medical workers have more opportunities than the general public to contact patients with infectious diseases, medical workers are advised to take necessary protective measures in the process of treating patients。When receiving suspected or confirmed cases of H7N9 avian influenza, standard precautions plus droplet transmission precautions and contact precautions should be taken。

　　16. At present, the relevant departments of our country have taken actions？

　　After the emergence of the case, the local health department attached great importance to it, and promptly adopted the treatment of the patient, epidemiological investigation, specimen collection and inspection, medical observation of close contacts, and strengthened the monitoring of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause。

　　The National Health and Family Planning Commission has attached great importance to the outbreak，After receiving reports of severe pneumonia of unknown cause，Immediately send expert teams to Shanghai, Anhui and Jiangsu，To guide local patients to carry out treatment and investigation work，Convene multi-department chamber of commerce，To analyze and judge the nature of the epidemic，Relevant investigation, prevention, control and response preparations have been arranged and deployed。

　　The National Centers for Disease Control received a case report and sent samples，The epidemic risk assessment and laboratory testing were carried out in a timely manner，The etiological diagnosis of the case was made in a short time，For the first time in the world, human infections caused by the new H7N9 avian influenza virus have been detected and confirmed，The characteristics of the new virus were analyzed in depth。